Effect of nickel segregation on CuΣ9 grain boundary undergone shear deformations
Liu Xiang-Yue1, Zhang Hong1, 2, 3, †, Cheng Xin-Lu1
       

(color online) Supercells containing (a) Σ9(114) and (b) Σ9(221) symmetric tilt GB, with the black dotted lines marking the computationally repeated cells; ((c) and (d)) colored drawings of the various impurity concentrations denoting models A–C, in which the impurity atoms are segregated in GB region partially or segregated at GB totally or segregated at GB and grains partially through substituting solute atoms; (e) atom sites marked by numbers.