Upstream ion wave excitation in an ion-beam–plasma system
Yi Kai-Yang, Ma Jin-Xiu, Wei Zi-An, Li Zheng-Yuan
       

(color online) Evolution of the received signals, S1 and S2, propagating along the upstream direction, with respect to the distance from the excitation grid that is located at x = 0. The parameters are VSG2 = −28 V, Vpp =12 V, and . The two dashed lines indicate the peak positions of S1 and S2. DCS stands for directly couple signal due to electromagnetic induction.