Analysis of the fractal intrinsic quality in the ionization of Rydberg helium and lithium atoms
Zhang Yanhui1, †, Xu Xiulan1, Kang Lisha1, Cai Xiangji2, Tang Xu1
       

Contour plots of the potential energy distribution of Rydberg (a) helium and (b) lithium atoms. The ionized electrons begin at the nucleus located at u = v = 0, and eventually pass over the saddle region, and escape from the well.