Head-on collision between two solitary waves in a one-dimensional bead chain
Wang Fu-Gang1, Yang Yang-Yang1, Han Juan-Fang1, 2, Duan Wen-Shan1, 2, †
       

(color online) The definition of the phase lags of both solitary waves. In the figure, the arrows stand for the propagation directions of waves. The red solid line represents the solitary wave L without collision and the black solid line represents solitary wave L after collision. “Δ” stands for the phase.