Corrections to atomic ground state energy due to interaction between atomic electric quadrupole and optical field

Hu Jie^{1, †}, Chen Yu¹, Bai Yi-Xiu¹, He Pei-Song², Sun Qing¹, Ji An-Chun¹

(color online) The transition matrix element ration η in terms of principle quantum number n. η is in unit of a 0 2 , where a₀ is the Bohr radius.