Optimizing effective phase modulation in coupled double quantum well Mach–Zehnder modulators<xref rid="cpb_27_2_027801fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref><fn id="cpb_27_2_027801fn1"><label>*</label><p>Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11474106), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No. 2016A030313439), and the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou City, China (Grant No. 201707010403).</p></fn>

Optimizing effective phase modulation in coupled double quantum well Mach–Zehnder modulators**

Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11474106), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No. 2016A030313439), and the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou City, China (Grant No. 201707010403).

Wang Guang-Hui^{1, 2, †}, Zhang Jin-Ke^{1, 2}

(color online) The voltage-length product V_π × L₀ for π phase shift versus the applied bias electric field E_d for four different normalized mid-barrier widths: W_B/W_well = 1.0 (black line), 2.2 (red line), 2.4 (blue line), 2.9 (dark cyan line) with W_well = 1 nm, respectively.