Optimizing effective phase modulation in coupled double quantum well Mach–Zehnder modulators Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11474106), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No. 2016A030313439), and the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou City, China (Grant No. 201707010403). |
(color online) The maximum net change of refractive index (Δn)max versus the normalized mid-barrier width WB/Wwell for three different applied electric fields Ed, with Wwell = 1 nm. |