Theoretical analysis of suppressing Dick effect in Ramsey-CPT atomic clock by interleaving lock

Sun Xiao-Lin^{1, 2}, Zhang Jian-Wei^{1, 3, †}, Cheng Peng-Fei^{1, 2}, Zuo Ya-Ni^{1, 2}, Wang Li-Jun^{1, 2, 3}

Calculated Dick effect induced Allan deviation with 1-s sampling time versus the duty cycle for non-interleaved Ramsey-CPT atomic clocks. The duty cycles are defined as .