TiO<sub>2</sub> composite electron transport layers for planar perovskite solar cells by mixed spray pyrolysis with precursor solution incorporating TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles

TiO₂ composite electron transport layers for planar perovskite solar cells by mixed spray pyrolysis with precursor solution incorporating TiO₂ nanoparticles

Tian Jiaqi, Li Hongcui, Wang Haiyue, Zheng Bo, Xue Yebin, Liu Xizhe^†

(color online) Photocurrent density–photovoltage curves (a), statistics of PCEs (b), steady-state power output (c), and IPCE spectra (d) of devices with different TiO₂ electron transport layers.