TiO<sub>2</sub> composite electron transport layers for planar perovskite solar cells by mixed spray pyrolysis with precursor solution incorporating TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles

TiO₂ composite electron transport layers for planar perovskite solar cells by mixed spray pyrolysis with precursor solution incorporating TiO₂ nanoparticles

Tian Jiaqi, Li Hongcui, Wang Haiyue, Zheng Bo, Xue Yebin, Liu Xizhe^†

(color online) XRD patterns of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ layers on the TiO₂ layers without (W/O NPs) and with incorporation of 25 nm (25 nm NPs), 60 nm (60 nm NPs), and 100 nm (100 nm NPs) nanoparticles.