Key parameters of two typical intercalation reactions to prepare hybrid inorganic–organic perovskite films
Shi Biao1, 2, 3, 4, Guo Sheng1, 2, 3, 4, Wei Changchun1, 2, 3, 4, Li Baozhang1, 2, 3, 4, Ding Yi1, 2, 3, 4, Li Yuelong1, 2, 3, 4, Wan Qing5, Zhao Ying1, 2, 3, 4, Zhang Xiaodan1, 2, 3, 4, †
       

(color online) Surface morphology, phase, and electrical properties of the perovskite film prepared by sequential vacuum deposition before annealing. SEM top-view images of the perovskite films prepared with various organic MAI sublimation pressures and duration time: (a) , 10 h; (b) , 5 h; (c) , 10 h. (d) XRD patterns of the perovskite films prepared with various sublimation conditions of organic MAI. (e) TRPL spectroscopy of the FTO/TiO2/perovskite film prepared with a MAI vapor pressure of or . The inorganic seeding layer is 100 nm PbCl2. The sublimation duration time of organic MAI reflects its chemical quality and is sufficient when the time is 10 h but insufficient at 5 h.