(color online) (a) Illustration of the scalable process to be employed for the production of HTM free carbon based PVSCs: a) fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrate, b) laser patterning of the FTO layer, c) spray pyrolysis for compact TiO₂ layer deposition, d) screen printing of silver contacts, e) screen printing of a mesoporous TiO₂ layer, f) screen printing of an insulating ZrO₂ layer, g) screen printing of a porous carbon composite layer, h) inkjet of a controlled volume of perovskite precursor solution, which is targeted for this work. Note that only scalable processes are highlighted here. The sintering steps consecutive to screen printing are not represented for better clarity. (b) Inkjet printing of bitmap version of a digital image as an example of accurate 2D printing, image reproduced with permission from Alain Herzog/EPFL. Adapted from Ref. [18].