(color online) (a) Schematic illustration of the proposed production line of perovskite solar modules. (b) Image of 7 m² printable perovskite solar panels. Reprinted from Ref. [117]. 2D/3D carbon based solar cell characteristics and stability. (c) J–V curve using the 2D/3D perovskite with 3%AVAI in an HTM-free 10 cm×10 cm module (device statistics and picture in the inset). (d) Typical module stability test under 1 sun AM 1.5 G conditions at stabilized temperature of and short circuit conditions. Stability measurements were done according to the standard aging conditions. Reprinted from Ref. [118].