Promise of commercialization: Carbon materials for low-cost perovskite solar cells

Cai Yu^{1, 2}, Liang Lusheng², Gao Peng^{2, †}

(color online) (a) Device architecture of the PVSCs tested in this study; (b) the corresponding energy levels of TiO₂, CH₃NH₃PbI₃, and CSCNTs; (c) and (d) the cross-sectional SEM images of the typical CSCNT-based PVSCs with different magnifications. Reprinted from Ref. [69].