(color online) Proposed mechanism of the BMIMBF₄-based ionogel under UV light. (a) ILG solution and ILG respectively. (b) The ILG solution inclusion BMIMBF₄, HEMA, and TiO₂ nanoparticles. (c) Polymerization initiated by the TiO₂ nanoparticles. (d) HEMA and TiO₂ nanoparticles cross coupled to form a three-dimensional (3D) network.