Improving continuous-variable quantum key distribution under local oscillator intensity attack using entanglement in the middle

Yang Fang-Li¹, Guo Ying^{2, †}, Shi Jin-Jing², Wang Huan-Li³, Pan Jin-Jin¹

(color online) The balances between the secret key rates and the maximal channel losses of the middle-based and the original LOIA–CVQKD protocols with coherent states and heterodyne detection for the given parameters κ = 0.99, .