Shape controllable synthesis and enhanced upconversion photoluminescence of β-NaGdF4:Yb3+, Er3+ nanocrystals by introducing Mg2+

Shape controllable synthesis and enhanced upconversion photoluminescence of β-NaGdF₄:Yb³⁺, Er³⁺ nanocrystals by introducing Mg²⁺

Yang Yong-Xin^{1, 2}, Xu Zheng^{1, 2, †}, Zhao Su-Ling^{1, 2}, Liang Zhi-Qin^{1, 2}, Zhu Wei^{1, 2}, Zhang Jun-Jie^{1, 2}

(color online) SEM images and the EDS spectra of β-NaGdF₄:20-mol% Yb³⁺, 2-mol% Er³⁺ nanoparticles with different Mg²⁺ concentrations (a) and (b): 0 mol%, (c) and (d): 40 mol%, (e) and (f): 60 mol%.