Electromechanical actuation of CNT/PVDF composite films based on a bridge configuration

Gu Xiaogang^{1, 2, 3}, Xia Xiaogang^{1, 2, 3}, Zhang Nan^{1, 3}, Xiao Zhuojian^{1, 2, 3}, Fan Qingxia^{1, 3}, Yang Feng^{1, 2, 3}, Xiao Shiqia^{1, 2, 3}, Chen Huiliang^{1, 2, 3}, Zhou Weiya^{1, 2, 3, †}, Xie Sishen^{1, 2, 3, ‡}

(color online) Actuation displacement driven by (a) triangle wave voltage and (b) square wave voltage, both of 0–0.5 V and 0.1 Hz. Displacement amplitude dependence on the (c) voltage and (d) frequency. The red lines demonstrate the fitting to the experimental data. The Adj. R-Square values are (c) 0.9922 and (d) 0.9402, respectively. Both driven signals are triangle wave voltage. The frequency in panel (c) is 0.1 Hz, and the voltage in panel (d) is 0–0.7 V. (e) Cycle test of the actuation performance. The actuation is driven by continuously applying a triangle wave voltage of 0–0.5 V and 0.1 Hz.