Electromechanical actuation of CNT/PVDF composite films based on a bridge configuration

Gu Xiaogang^{1, 2, 3}, Xia Xiaogang^{1, 2, 3}, Zhang Nan^{1, 3}, Xiao Zhuojian^{1, 2, 3}, Fan Qingxia^{1, 3}, Yang Feng^{1, 2, 3}, Xiao Shiqia^{1, 2, 3}, Chen Huiliang^{1, 2, 3}, Zhou Weiya^{1, 2, 3, †}, Xie Sishen^{1, 2, 3, ‡}

(color online) (a) Optical photograph of the stacked CNT film. (b) Scanning electron micrograph of the directly synthesized CNT film. (c) The triple-layer structure of the CNT/PVDF composite film. (d) DC current–voltage (I–V) curve of the stacked CNT film (dimensions: ) and CNT/PVDF composite film (dimensions: ). For both, the correlation factor R of the linear fitting is more than 0.9998. (e) Time evolution of the displacement at different DC driven voltages for the composite film in panel (d). The voltages are eliminated after 5 s.