Optical waveguide in Nd:Bi<sub>12</sub>SiO<sub>20</sub> crystal produced by multi-energy C ion implantation

Optical waveguide in Nd:Bi₁₂SiO₂₀ crystal produced by multi-energy C ion implantation

Liu Tao^{1, †}, Kong Wei-Jin^{2, ‡}, Ren Ying-Ying^{3, 4}, Cheng Yan¹

(color online) Raman spectra of (a) bulk Nd:Bi₁₂SiO₂₀ crystal (dotted line) and (b) implanted Nd:Bi₁₂SiO₂₀ crystal layer (dashed line) by using an excitation beam at 633 nm.