Low power consumption 4-channel variable optical attenuator array based on planar lightwave circuit technique

Ren Mei-Zhen^{1, 2}, Zhang Jia-Shun^{1, †}, An Jun-Ming^{1, 2}, Wang Yue¹, Wang Liang-Liang¹, Li Jian-Guang¹, Wu Yuan-Da^{1, 2}, Yin XiaoJie¹, Hu Xiong-Wei¹

(color online) (a) Schematic configuration of 4-channel PLC-VOA: the green part is the heating electrode and the gray part is the lead electrode. (b) Cross-sectional view of the device along the line A–.