Reversal current observed in micro- and submicro-channel flow under non-continuous DC electric field

Duan Yi-fei¹, Ma Hong-wei¹, Gao Ze-yang¹, Wang Kai-ge^{1, †}, Zhao Wei^{1, 2}, Sun Dan¹, Wang Gui-ren², Li Jun-jie³, Bai Jin-tao¹, Gu Chang-zhi³

(color online) (a) Steady current versus applied voltage under various pH values. (b) Critical voltage versus pH value. 1.0-M KCl solution. .