Reversal current observed in micro- and submicro-channel flow under non-continuous DC electric field

Duan Yi-fei¹, Ma Hong-wei¹, Gao Ze-yang¹, Wang Kai-ge^{1, †}, Zhao Wei^{1, 2}, Sun Dan¹, Wang Gui-ren², Li Jun-jie³, Bai Jin-tao¹, Gu Chang-zhi³

(color online) The ensemble averaging steady current versus applied voltage and the corresponding critical voltages, for various ionic concentrations of KCl solution. Here, pH = 6. (a) –U relation in 5- micro-channel. (b) –U relation in 500-nm submicro-channel. (c) The relation between ionic concentration and critical voltage in the channels with different diameter.