Simulations of centroid computation, showing (a) the standard CoCs image, whose centroids are determined by computer program, (b) the centroid computation result from the method with Eq. (1), and (c) the centroid computation result from the method with Eq. (11). The small blue circles represent the known centroid coordinates. The red crosshairs refer to the centroid coordinates computed by (b) Eq. (1) and (c) Eq. (11).