Recent progress of the native defects and p-type doping of zinc oxide*

Project supported by the State Key Program for Basic Research of China (Grant No. 2011CB302003), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61274058, 61322403, 61504057, and 61574075), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (Grant Nos. BK20130013 and BK20150585), and the Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province, China (Grant No. 2014XXRJ001).

Tang Kun, Gu Shu-Lin, Ye Jian-Dong, Zhu Shun-Ming, Zhang Rong, Zheng You-Dou
       

(color online) Evolutions of deep level related PL spectra upon thermal treatment in different ambients. The gray curve represents as-grown material, and the numbered arrows indicate subsequent spectral developments caused by curve 1 annealing in O, curve 2 cross annealing in Zn vapor, curve 3 annealing in Zn vapor, and curve 4 cross annealing in O. The denotes the onset of multiple LO phonon replicas.[48]