Visible and near-infrared optical properties of Nd:CLNGG crystal waveguides formed by proton implantation

Liu Chun-Xiao^{1, †}, Shen Xiao-Liang^{1, †}, Li Wei-Nan², Wei Wei^{1, ‡}

Dark-mode spectra at (a) 632.8 nm and (b) 1539 nm for the TE mode in the proton-implanted Nd:CLNGG waveguide.