Visible and near-infrared optical properties of Nd:CLNGG crystal waveguides formed by proton implantation

Liu Chun-Xiao^{1, †}, Shen Xiao-Liang^{1, †}, Li Wei-Nan², Wei Wei^{1, ‡}

(color online) Damage ratio induced by the 480-keV proton implantation versus the penetration depth of the implanted H⁺ ions in the Nd:CLNGG crystal. The inset represents the lateral straggling of the irradiated protons.