(color online) (a) Schematic diagram of the Z-scan experimental setup.^[89] (b) open-aperture Z-scan measurements of MoS₂ dispersions in a 1-mm cuvette at 400 nm (left) and 800 nm (right) with different input fluences.^[89] (c) Open-aperture Z-scan results of the MoS₂ dispersions under the excitation of 100 fs pulses at 800 nm in different solvents, showing clear influence nonlinear optical characteristics from the environment (left), and comparison of nonlinear performance of MoS₂ () and graphene () dispersions (right), where MoS₂ shows a stronger modulation depth. Inset: normalized transmission as a function of fluence.^[104]