Single fundamental mode photonic crystal VCSEL with high power and low threshold current optimized by modal loss analysis

Xie Yi-Yang^{1, 2}, Kan Qiang², Xu Chen^{1, †}, Xu Kun³, Chen Hong-Da²

(color online) Calculated mode intensity profiles of PhC-VCSELs with different PhC structure parameters on logarithmic color scale: (a) the fundamental and (b) the high-order modes with 6 oxide aperture diameter, (c) the fundamental and (d) the high-order modes with 10 oxide aperture diameter, and (e) the fundamental and (f) the high-order modes with 22 oxide aperture structure. White lines indicate the contours of the etched holes and the black lines show the oxide layer of the fabricated PhC-VCSELs.