Single fundamental mode photonic crystal VCSEL with high power and low threshold current optimized by modal loss analysis
Xie Yi-Yang
1, 2
, Kan Qiang
2
, Xu Chen
1, †
, Xu Kun
3
, Chen Hong-Da
2
(color online) (a) PhC-VCSELs model and (b)–(d) various views of the model in FDTD.