Bottleneck effects on the bidirectional crowd dynamics |
Pedestrian flow dynamics in the cases 3 and 4. (a) The snapshot of pedestrian flow at 90 s in the case 3. (b) Trajectory of pedestrian flow at 200 s in the case 3. (c) The snapshot of pedestrian flow at 90 s in the case 4. (d) Trajectory of pedestrian flow at 200 s in the case 4. (e) The number of the leaving pedestrians in the case 3. (f) The number of the leaving pedestrians in the case 4. |