Bottleneck effects on the bidirectional crowd dynamics
Yang Xiao-Xia1, Dong Hai-Rong1, †, , Yao Xiu-Ming2, Sun Xu-Bin2
       

Breakdown phenomenon of the bidirectional pedestrian flow at t = 60 s . (a) Snapshot of the movement of the bidirectional flow. (b) Trajectory of the bidirectional flow.