Ultrasound-mediated transdermal drug delivery of fluorescent nanoparticles and hyaluronic acid into porcine skin <italic>in vitro</italic>

Ultrasound-mediated transdermal drug delivery of fluorescent nanoparticles and hyaluronic acid into porcine skin in vitro

Wang Huan-Lei^{1, 2}, Fan Peng-Fei¹, Guo Xia-Sheng¹, Tu Juan^{1, †,}, Ma Yong^{3, ‡,}, Zhang Dong¹

Confocal images of porcine skin radial cross-sections showing penetration of fluorescent particles under three conditions (viz., control sample untreated with ultrasound, skin sample exposed to ultrasound alone and skin sample treated by the combination of ultrasound and UCA). The ultrasound worked at a frequency of 643.5 kHz, a pressure amplitude of 100 kPa and 60-min exposure time.