Ultrasound-mediated transdermal drug delivery of fluorescent nanoparticles and hyaluronic acid into porcine skin <italic>in vitro</italic>

Ultrasound-mediated transdermal drug delivery of fluorescent nanoparticles and hyaluronic acid into porcine skin in vitro

Wang Huan-Lei^{1, 2}, Fan Peng-Fei¹, Guo Xia-Sheng¹, Tu Juan^{1, †,}, Ma Yong^{3, ‡,}, Zhang Dong¹

SEM images showing surface morphology of porcine skin exposed, where indicated, to ultrasound for 60 min at a frequency of 643.5 kHz and intensity of 100 kPa. (a) Without ultrasound; (b) with ultrasound alone; and (c) with UCA pretreatment for 5 min and ultrasound exposure.