This figure more specially shows the changing tendency of the distance with the changes of the two variables: steps taken and number of nodes. The gap between the steps taken is 32 steps and that of the number of nodes is 1/16N. We can see clearly that the probability distribution of FDTQW tends to the localization in the infinite case with the increase of steps taken and also with the increase of the number of nodes in FDTQW. Amazingly, when the steps taken are large enough or the boundary conditions are loose, e.g., the number of nodes is larger than 1/2N, the distance is negligible. It means quantum walks on one-dimensional finite graphs also suffer from localization even under boundary conditions. |