Simulated NWC electron precipitation structure following subtraction of initial flux distribution from final flux distribution. The NWC electric-field power distributions in the L-shell in the south and north hemispheres are considered in the simulation process. Simulation parameters: electromagnetic wave frequency ω/(2π) = 19.8 kHz; wave amplitude δb = 200 pT; semi-bandwidth 500 Hz; N₀ = 1000 counts/s. The equatorial pitch angles α used in the simulations range from 0.3 to 0.4, which is consistent with the value of the NWC electron precipitation wisp structures observed by the DEMETER and NOAA satellites. The bounce loss cone and LC_drift = 5° are set in the simulation.