Topological hierarchy matters — topological matters with superlattices of defects
He Jing1, Kou Su-Peng2, †,
       

(a) The topological phases versus t′/t. (b) The density of states of the free flux-lattice model. The parameters are chosen as t/T = 0.04, t′/T = 0.014. (c) The edge states of the tight-binding model of flux-superlattice for the case of t′ = 0.1t, in which the Chern number is C = 1. (d) The edge states of the tight-binding model of flux-superlattice for the case of t′ = 3.1t, in which the Chern number is C = −3. From Ref. [17].