Landau–Zener model for electron loss of low-energy negative fluorine ions to surface cations during grazing scattering on a LiF(001) surface
Zhou Wang, Zhang Meixiao, Zhou Lihua, Zhou Hu, Ma Yulong, Guo Yanling, Chen Lin†, , Chen Ximeng‡,
       

dP(N = 30,v)/dv as a function of the negative projectile velocity v, where v0 = 0.056 a.u. represents the zero point of dP(N = 30,v)/dv.