Landau–Zener model for electron loss of low-energy negative fluorine ions to surface cations during grazing scattering on a LiF(001) surface

Zhou Wang, Zhang Meixiao, Zhou Lihua, Zhou Hu, Ma Yulong, Guo Yanling, Chen Lin^†,, Chen Ximeng^‡,

The electron-capture and loss probabilities as a function of the incident velocity for a single collision with the LiF(001) surface active anion and cation sites during the trajectory, respectively. The solid green line represents the electron capture of a single collision with surface active anions, based on Eq. (10). The dashed red line indicates the electron loss of a single collision with surface active cations, based on Eq. (11). The green and red arrows indicate the electron-capture and loss velocity thresholds, respectively.