Landau–Zener model for electron loss of low-energy negative fluorine ions to surface cations during grazing scattering on a LiF(001) surface

Zhou Wang, Zhang Meixiao, Zhou Lihua, Zhou Hu, Ma Yulong, Guo Yanling, Chen Lin^†,, Chen Ximeng^‡,

The energy defect ΔE_L (solid blue line), ΔE_C (dashed red line), and 2V_transfer (dashed/dotted magenta line) as a function of distance R. The dotted green line shows the constant energy defect ΔE_C for a small R in the range of 1.3 a.u. ≤ R ≤ 2.5 a.u. (details in text).