Fractal dynamics in the ionization of helium Rydberg atoms
Xu Xiulan1, Zhang Yanhui1, †, , Cai Xiangji2, Zhao Guopeng1, Kang Lisha1
       

For hydrogen atoms in parallel electric and magnetic fields, the escape time required for electrons to strike the detector is plotted as a function of the initial launch angle with scaled energy ɛ = −1.3 and scaled magnetic field B = 2.5. Insets (a) and (b) represent hydrogen and helium atoms in a pure electric field (B = 0) with scaled energy ɛ = −1.3.