HfO<sub><bold>2</bold></sub>-based ferroelectric modulator of terahertz waves with graphene metamaterial

HfO₂-based ferroelectric modulator of terahertz waves with graphene metamaterial

Jiang Ran^{1, †,}, Wu Zheng-Ran², Han Zu-Yin³, Jung Hyung-Suk²

Schematic diagrams of the position of Fermi energy in graphene for various bias voltages.