Characteristics and generation of elastic turbulence in a three-dimensional parallel plate channel using direct numerical simulation

Zhang Hong-Na¹, Li Feng-Chen¹, Li Xiao-Bin^{1, †,}, Li Dong-Yang¹, Cai Wei-Hua^{1, ‡,}, Yu Bo²

Snapshots of flow motion (velocity component u) in the streamwise–spanwise (x–z) section y* = 0 (with strong velocity gradient): (a) Wi = 10; (b) Wi = 20; (c) Wi = 30.