Characteristics and generation of elastic turbulence in a three-dimensional parallel plate channel using direct numerical simulation
Zhang Hong-Na1, Li Feng-Chen1, Li Xiao-Bin1, †, , Li Dong-Yang1, Cai Wei-Hua1, ‡, , Yu Bo2
       

Schematics diagram of (a) the simulated flow geometry and (b) form of the additional force F. Here, to show the straight wall effect the flow is divided into 4 layers according to the form of the additional force.