High signal-to-noise ratio sensing with Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor based on auto gain control of electron multiplying CCD

Zhu Zhao-Yi^{1, 2}, Li Da-Yu¹, Hu Li-Fa¹, Mu Quan-Quan¹, Yang Cheng-Liang¹, Cao Zhao-Liang¹, Xuan Li^{1, †,}

The experimental optical path for testing the auto-gain-control method. (a) The optical path, (b) the phase plate of the turbulence simulator.