High signal-to-noise ratio sensing with Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor based on auto gain control of electron multiplying CCD
Zhu Zhao-Yi1, 2, Li Da-Yu1, Hu Li-Fa1, Mu Quan-Quan1, Yang Cheng-Liang1, Cao Zhao-Liang1, Xuan Li1, †,
       

Results with auto-gain-control. (a) Comparisons of the control value with the maximum; (b) numbers of pixels with signal larger than 8000 ADU, the numbers are smaller than 100 that did not cause self-protection.