Understanding charge transfer of Li<sup>+</sup> and Na<sup>+</sup> ions scattered from metal surfaces with high work function

Understanding charge transfer of Li⁺ and Na⁺ ions scattered from metal surfaces with high work function

Chen Lin^†,, Wu Wen-Bin, Liu Pin-Yang, Xiao Yun-Qing, Li Guo-Peng, Liu Yi-Ran, Jiang Hao-Yu, Guo Yan-Ling, Chen Xi-Meng^‡,

Illustration of the concept of “shifted Fermi sphere” due to the effect of parallel velocity of the moving atom. In the figure, Q represents the parallel velocity, k_F and k denote the Fermi momentum and momentum of metal electron, respectively.