Skin formation in drying a film of soft matter solutions: Application of solute based Lagrangian scheme

Luo Ling^{1, 2}, Meng Fanlong³, Zhang Junying¹, Doi Masao^{2, †,}

Evolution of the volume fraction profile for various initial volume fraction ϕ₀ and evaporation rate J/J₀. The other parameters are ε = 100 and ϕ_g = 0.2. Comparison between panels (a) and (b) indicates that the initial volume fraction ϕ₀ affects the skin formation, while a comparison between panels (b) and (d) indicates that e vaporation speed J/J₀ is also important in the skin formation.