Intense source of cold cesium atoms based on a two-dimensional magneto–optical trap with independent axial cooling and pushing

Huang Jia-Qiang^{1, 3}, Yan Xue-Shu^{2, 3}, Wu Chen-Fei^{1, 3}, Zhang Jian-Wei^{2, 3}, Wang Li-Jun^{1, 2, 3, †,}

(a) The axial velocity distributions of the cold atomic beams: 2D⁺ MOT (regular Gaussian beam, black solid line), 2D-HP MOT (0Γ, 10 μW, red dashed line), and 2D-HP MOT (-5Γ, 400 μW, blue dotted line). (b) Schematic diagram of the pushing beam expander.