Photoionization microscopy of Rydberg hydrogen atom in a non-uniform electrical field
Cheng Shao-Hao, Wang De-Hua†, , Chen Zhao-Hang, Chen Qiang
       

Some typical electron trajectories in the gradient electric field at scaled energy ε = −0.1, scaled electric field gradient α = 3.0, with the detector located at z = −0.5 plane. The initial outgoing angle is shown in each panel.